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Rich Internet application
A rich Internet application (RIA; sometimes called an Installable Internet Application) is a Web application that has many of the characteristics of desktop application software, typically delivered by way of a site-specific browser, a browser plug-in, an independent sandbox, extensive use of JavaScript, or a virtual machine.〔(RIA War Is Brewing )〕 Adobe Flash, JavaFX, and Microsoft Silverlight are currently the three most common platforms, with desktop browser penetration rates around 96%, 76%, and 66%, respectively (as of August 2011).〔"Rich Internet Application Market Share", Data from StatOwl. http://www.statowl.com/custom_ria_market_penetration.php -- StatOwl data is from ~28m unique visitors per month.; This data is consistent with that reported from RIAStats.com, which is based on ~4m daily visitors http://riastats.com/. These statistics clearly indicate consistent evidence that Flash, Silverlight, Java, and HTML5 are available to over 50% of web users as of summer 2011. See also "Rich Internet Applications: The Next Frontier of Corporate Development" by Larry Seltzer. 2010-08-25. eWeek. http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Security/Rich-Internet-Applications-The-Next-Frontier-of-Corporate-Development-732651/〕
Google trends shows (as of September 2012) that frameworks based on a plug-in are in the process of being replaced by HTML5/JavaScript-based alternatives.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.google.com/trends/?q=adobe++flex,+microsoft+silverlight,+java++applet,+HTML5,+gwt&ctab=0&geo=all&date=all&sort=0 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.google.com/trends/?q=adobe++flex,++extjs,+gwt,+vaadin&ctab=0&geo=all&date=all&sort=0 )〕
Users generally need to install a software framework using the computer's operating system before launching the application, which typically downloads, updates, verifies and executes the RIA.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Laszlo: An Open Source Framework for Rich Internet Applications )〕 This is the main differentiator from HTML5/JavaScript-based alternatives like Ajax that use built-in browser functionality to implement comparable interfaces. As can be seen on the List of rich Internet application frameworks which includes even server-side frameworks, while some consider such interfaces to be RIAs, some consider them competitors to RIAs; and others, including Gartner, treat them as similar but separate technologies.
RIAs dominate in browser based gaming as well as applications that require access to video capture (with the notable exception of Gmail, which uses its own task-specific browser plug-in).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hangouts )〕 Web standards such as HTML5 have developed and the compliance of Web browsers with those standards has improved somewhat. However, the need for plug-in based RIAs for accessing video capture and distribution has not diminished,〔(HTML5 Isn't Ready For Primetime, YouTube Says. Flash offers video streaming capabilities that HTML5 just can't match yet. ), Information Weekly, Thomas Claburn, June 29, 2010〕 even with the emergence of HTML5 and JavaScript-based desktop-like widget sets that provide alternative solutions for mobile Web browsing.
==Plug-ins==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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